R60701 (Zr1) Zirconium Foil

Zirconium is a strong corrosion resistance metal, widely used in chemical corrosion resistant equipment, its acid resistance to titanium and various steel, close to tantalum. Zirconium has excellent corrosion resistance in hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures up to and above the boiling point, and is not prone to crevice corrosion, point corrosion and stress corrosion. Zirconium can withstand the boiling point in sulfuric acid, and above the boiling point, the concentration can reach 70%. Zirconium can resist some highly corrosive environments including various inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc.), alkali, most of the organic acids (such as hydrochloric acid, formic acid, etc.) various salt solutions and molten alkali treatment. The corrosion resistance in sodium hydroxide medium is the same as that of nickel.

Zirconium (Zr), with super-strong corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, nuclear radiation resistance, can be used in nuclear reactors and aerospace, called the material industry, the king of the metal industry.

(1) Scope of application

Aerospace - Zirconia melting point up to 2700℃, high temperature resistance, such as spacecraft shed tiles;

Nuclear reactor - zirconium for reactor fuel rod cladding, good resistance to nuclear radiation and mechanical properties;

Chemical industry - such as methanol carbonylation acetic acid process plant in the light tower, dewatering tower for zirconium composite plate equipment;

Zirconia ceramics can be used for oral repair with good biocompatibility and stable chemical properties.

Refractory material - Zirconia fiber is a high-quality refractory fiber material, can be used as a high temperature furnace lining, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, can be used at high temperatures above 1600-2000℃.

(2) Physical properties and metallographic structure

Zirconium is a silver rare metal with a melting point of 1850℃ and a density of 6.5g/cm3.

High activity, may burn when exposed to open flame.

862℃ is the isocrystalline transition temperature of zirconium, below 862℃ is a dense hexagonal lattice, high temperature is a body-centered cubic lattice.

Therefore, zirconium material as a pressure vessel steel, working for a dense hexagonal lattice, poor plasticity. Therefore, zirconium material is generally used in hot processing, which can improve the plasticity and molding performance of the material, and the molding temperature is controlled at 500-600℃.

Because some elements have low solubility in the close-packed hexagonal lattice and are easy to have brittle structures, zirconium materials should not be directly fused with steel, aluminum, copper, and nickel.

(3) Zirconium material

Zirconium material is divided into industrial grade zirconium and nuclear grade zirconium. Non-nuclear pressure vessels generally use industrial grade zirconium material, mainly using zirconium material excellent corrosion resistance.

(4) zirconium material performance

1) Elastic modulus and expansion coefficient

The elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of zirconium are about half of that of ordinary carbon steel.

The yield strength of zirconium is little different from that of ordinary carbon steel, according to σ=Eε, so the springback of cold forming is much larger than that of ordinary carbon steel.

In the expansion of zirconium heat exchange tube and steel tube plate, the reduction of tensile force caused by the difference of thermal expansion coefficient should be considered.

When the zirconium-lined container is heated, the tensile thermal stress of the zirconium layer is larger because of the difference of expansion coefficient.

(5) Corrosion resistance of zirconium

(a) Excellent corrosion resistance in most acids, alkalis and salts, but poor corrosion resistance in hydrofluoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid and aqua regia.

(b) Zirconium is similar to titanium and has strong passivation. In strong reducing acids such as hydrochloric acid (temperature should not exceed 149 ° C, more than should occur hydrogen embrittle), acid containing halogen ions have good corrosion resistance. The medium containing FeCl3, CuCl2 and other chlorides will accelerate the corrosion of zirconium materials.

(c) Absorption of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen

Oxygen: Zirconium will form a passivation layer on the surface at room temperature in the air, the passivation layer will loose off above 425℃, the white zirconia will be generated at 540℃, and the oxidation becomes brittle at 700℃.

Nitrogen: react with nitrogen above 400℃, and react violently at 800℃;

Hydrogen: At room temperature, zirconium can absorb hydrogen, and the hydrogen absorption capacity becomes stronger above 250℃, which is easy to lead to hydrogen embrittleness.

The above also explains why zirconium welding must be protected by inert gases to isolate oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the air.

(d) Excellent point corrosion resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance, seawater corrosion resistance is better than titanium.

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